Home › Climate types › Warm-summer humid continental
Climate type
Warm-summer humid continental climate
Dfb Köppen code DfbCold winters and warm — not hot — summers, with rain spread through the year. Cities with this climate include Helsinki, Moscow, Saint Petersburg.
Example cities with this climate
What this climate is like
Cold winters and warm — not hot — summers, with rain spread through the year.
🌡️
Temperatures
Like Dfa but with cooler summers — daytime highs typically 22–27°C (72–80°F). Winters are cold with sustained snow cover.
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Rainfall and seasons
Year-round precipitation with a summer peak. Reliable, persistent snowpack through winter.
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Where in the world
Most of Canada south of the boreal forest, the US Great Lakes region, Scandinavia, the Baltic states, and Russia west of the Urals.
Canadian Prairies & MaritimesUS Great LakesScandinaviaBaltic statesEuropean Russia
A typical year, in two recognisable cities — coolest and warmest month averages:
A climate type is a broad summary. For exact month-by-month
temperatures, rainfall, sunshine and records, open a city's own
climate page.
What it means for you
Whether you're thinking of moving, gardening or travelling.
🏠 Living here
Long, cold winters and warm but not hot summers. Heating dominates. A strong outdoor culture in summer to balance the long indoor winter.
🌱 Gardening
A ~5-month growing season — hardy apples, maples, root vegetables, brassicas. Heat-loving crops are marginal without season-extension.
✈️ Travel
Summer is the practical window; autumn brings spectacular foliage in many areas. Winter is for skiing and ice — beautiful but brutal.
Browse cities with this climate
Popular cities with this climate
All 463 cities, across 23 countries — open a country to see its list.
▸ Austria 1 city
▸ Azerbaijan 2 cities
▸ Canada 176 cities
Toronto, OntarioMontréal, QuebecOttawa, OntarioEdmonton, AlbertaWinnipeg, ManitobaMississauga, OntarioBrampton, OntarioHamilton, OntarioQuébec, QuebecHalifax, Nova ScotiaLaval, QuebecLondon, OntarioEtobicoke, OntarioMarkham, OntarioVaughan, OntarioGatineau, QuebecSaskatoon, SaskatchewanKitchener, OntarioLongueuil, QuebecOakville, OntarioRichmond Hill, OntarioBurlington, OntarioNepean, OntarioOshawa, OntarioGreater Sudbury, OntarioGloucester, OntarioSaguenay, QuebecBarrie, OntarioRosemont–La Petite-Patrie, QuebecVilleray–Saint-Michel–Parc-Extension, QuebecTrois-Rivières, QuebecGuelph, OntarioLévis, QuebecMercier–Hochelaga-Maisonneuve, QuebecWhitby, OntarioMilton, OntarioKingston, OntarioCambridge, OntarioSherbrooke, QuebecOrléans, OntarioOttawa South, OntarioSaint-Louis-de-Terrebonne, QuebecAjax, OntarioRivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles, QuebecTerrebonne, QuebecSt. John's, Newfoundland and LabradorThunder Bay, OntarioSydney, Nova ScotiaLe Plateau-Mont-Royal, QuebecWaterloo, OntarioVille-Marie, QuebecBrantford, OntarioDartmouth, Nova ScotiaRed Deer, AlbertaSaint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QuebecPickering, OntarioNewmarket, OntarioKanata, OntarioMontréal-Nord, QuebecLe Sud-Ouest, QuebecMoncton, New BrunswickPeterborough, OntarioRepentigny, QuebecPrince George, British ColumbiaCaledon, OntarioStoney Creek, OntarioPierrefonds-Roxboro, QuebecSarnia, OntarioSault Ste. Marie, OntarioSaint John, New BrunswickSherwood Park, AlbertaGrande Prairie, AlbertaBrossard, QuebecFort McMurray, AlbertaGranby, QuebecFredericton, New BrunswickHalton Hills, OntarioNorfolk County, OntarioDrummondville, QuebecPierrefonds, QuebecSt. Albert, AlbertaAylmer, QuebecSaint-Michel, QuebecAurora, OntarioSaint-Jérôme, QuebecLower Sackville, Nova ScotiaNorth Bay, OntarioSaint-Hyacinthe, QuebecWhitchurch-Stouffville, OntarioDollard-Des Ormeaux, QuebecBrandon, ManitobaBlainville, QuebecGeorgetown, OntarioQuinte West, OntarioChatham, OntarioInnisfil, OntarioSalaberry-de-Valleyfield, QuebecChâteauguay, QuebecRimouski, QuebecSaint-Eustache, QuebecTimmins, OntarioSorel-Tracy, QuebecVal-des-Arbres, QuebecStittsville, OntarioAncaster, OntarioWoodstock, OntarioBowmanville, OntarioBoucherville, QuebecSpruce Grove, AlbertaSt. Thomas, OntarioCharlottetown, Prince Edward IslandShawinigan, QuebecNeufchâtel-Est–Lebourgneuf, QuebecLaval-des-Rapides, QuebecStouffville, OntarioPrince Albert, SaskatchewanJoliette, QuebecCartierville, QuebecMascouche, QuebecMirabel, QuebecVictoriaville, QuebecBrant, OntarioLloydminster, AlbertaStratford, OntarioCôte-Saint-Luc, QuebecSaint-Georges, QuebecOrillia, OntarioOrangeville, OntarioFort Erie, OntarioOkotoks, AlbertaPointe-Claire, QuebecAlma, QuebecSainte-Julie, QuebecSept-Îles, QuebecSaint-Constant, QuebecDieppe, New BrunswickConception Bay South, Newfoundland and LabradorBolton, OntarioBoisbriand, QuebecVaudreuil-Dorion, QuebecThetford-Mines, QuebecVal-d'Or, QuebecPrince Edward, OntarioSainte-Thérèse, QuebecBrooklin, OntarioFallingbrook, OntarioWaterdown, OntarioSaint-Bruno-de-Montarville, QuebecMidland, OntarioEast Gwillimbury, OntarioBrockville, OntarioStrathroy, OntarioRouyn-Noranda, QuebecLa Prairie, QuebecParadise, Newfoundland and LabradorChambly, QuebecMount Pearl, Newfoundland and LabradorCollingwood, OntarioBaie-Comeau, QuebecBedford, Nova ScotiaOwen Sound, OntarioUxbridge, OntarioVarennes, QuebecClarence-Rockland, OntarioFergus, OntarioWasaga Beach, OntarioRiverview, New BrunswickWestmount, QuebecKirkland, QuebecCamrose, AlbertaLindsay, OntarioCranbrook, British ColumbiaMont-Tremblant, QuebecRevelstoke, British ColumbiaJasper, AlbertaBaddeck, Nova Scotia
▸ Finland 16 cities
▸ Italy 3 cities
▸ Japan 18 cities
▸ Latvia 18 cities
▸ Lithuania 5 cities
▸ Norway 2 cities
▸ Romania 4 cities
▸ Russia 54 cities
MoscowSaint PetersburgNovosibirskYekaterinburgNizhniy NovgorodKazanChelyabinskOmskSamaraUfaKrasnoyarskVoronezhPermTyumenTolyattiIzhevskBarnaulUlyanovskYaroslavlTomskKemerovoNovokuznetskRyazan’PenzaNaberezhnyye ChelnyLipetskKirovCheboksaryTulaKurskBryanskTverMagnitogorskIvanovoNizhny TagilVladimirBelgorodKalugaSmolenskSaranskCherepovetsVologdaKurganOrëlTambovPetrozavodskKostromaYoshkar-OlaSterlitamakVelikiy NovgorodPskovYuzhno-SakhalinskPetropavlovsk-KamchatskyGorno-Altaysk
▸ Slovakia 1 city
▸ St Pierre and Miquelon 1 city
▸ Switzerland 1 city
▸ Ukraine 23 cities
▸ United States 99 cities
Buffalo, New YorkAkron, OhioRockford, IllinoisFargo, North DakotaBillings, MontanaRochester, MinnesotaGreen Bay, WisconsinKenosha, WisconsinFlint, MichiganDuluth, MinnesotaRacine, WisconsinBismarck, North DakotaAppleton, WisconsinMissoula, MontanaEau Claire, WisconsinPortland, MaineOshkosh, WisconsinSaint Cloud, MinnesotaUtica, New YorkIdaho Falls, IdahoGrand Forks, North DakotaCuyahoga Falls, OhioBinghamton, New YorkAltoona, PennsylvaniaConcord, New HampshireBozeman, MontanaEast Concord, New HampshireMoorhead, MinnesotaMankato, MinnesotaWausau, WisconsinBeloit, WisconsinLewiston, MaineStow, OhioHolland, MichiganWest Fargo, North DakotaJackson, MichiganManitowoc, WisconsinRome, New YorkBangor, MaineFairbanks, AlaskaDover, New HampshireIthaca, New YorkRochester, New HampshireBurton, MichiganElmira, New YorkAberdeen, South DakotaVestal, New YorkSaratoga Springs, New YorkWest Scarborough, MaineQueensbury, New YorkRexburg, IdahoAuburn, New YorkWilliston, North DakotaWatertown, New YorkStevens Point, WisconsinSuperior, WisconsinMount Pleasant, WisconsinNeenah, WisconsinSouth Portland, MaineDe Pere, WisconsinAustin, MinnesotaZion, IllinoisSouth Portland Gardens, MaineDickinson, North DakotaFaribault, MinnesotaLoves Park, IllinoisMachesney Park, IllinoisAuburn, MaineHudson, OhioKalispell, MontanaPortsmouth, New HampshireMandan, North DakotaMarquette, MichiganBiddeford, MaineConda, IdahoSanford, MaineGrand Island, New YorkPleasant Prairie, WisconsinAugusta, MaineSheridan, WyomingSault Ste. Marie, MichiganSteamboat Springs, ColoradoAlpena, MichiganMontpelier, VermontCaribou, MaineWinslow, MaineWhitefish, MontanaAspen, ColoradoInternational Falls, MinnesotaHoughton Lake, MichiganEly, MinnesotaHomer, New YorkWisconsin Dells, WisconsinBar Harbor, MaineBethel, MaineLake Placid, New YorkTelluride, ColoradoClayton, New YorkHomer, Michigan
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Browse all climate types →
The five climate families and every climate type within them.
Hot-summer humid continental →
Cold winters and hot summers, with rain spread through the year.
Subarctic →
Long, very cold winters and short, cool summers.