Erbil, Iraq climate
BSk Cold semi-arid
Erbil has a strongly seasonal cool-temperate climate (Cold semi-arid, Köppen BSk). The hottest month is July with an average daily high near 31°C, while the coldest is January averaging around −6°C at night. Precipitation totals about 293 mm a year and is strongly seasonal — April alone averages 52 mm while August barely receives 5 mm.
Temperature & precipitation
Daily high–low temperature range with the monthly average, plus monthly precipitation · 1991–2020 normals · hover a month for the exact figuresHours of sunshine per day
Estimated sunny hours each month — daylight length × clear-sky fraction · 1991–2020 monthly cloud cover (NASA POWER)Erbil climate normals (1991–2020)
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 3 | 6 | 12 | 17 | 23 | 28 | 31 | 31 | 27 | 20 | 12 | 6 |
| Avg temp (°C) | −1 | 1 | 6 | 11 | 16 | 21 | 24 | 23 | 19 | 13 | 6 | 1 |
| Avg low (°C) | −6 | −4 | 0 | 5 | 9 | 13 | 17 | 16 | 11 | 6 | 0 | −4 |
| Precipitation (mm) | 27 | 27 | 37 | 52 | 33 | 14 | 13 | 5 | 8 | 21 | 31 | 25 |
| Jan – Jun | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 3 | 6 | 12 | 17 | 23 | 28 |
| Avg temp (°C) | −1 | 1 | 6 | 11 | 16 | 21 |
| Avg low (°C) | −6 | −4 | 0 | 5 | 9 | 13 |
| Precipitation (mm) | 27 | 27 | 37 | 52 | 33 | 14 |
| Jul – Dec | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 31 | 31 | 27 | 20 | 12 | 6 |
| Avg temp (°C) | 24 | 23 | 19 | 13 | 6 | 1 |
| Avg low (°C) | 17 | 16 | 11 | 6 | 0 | −4 |
| Precipitation (mm) | 13 | 5 | 8 | 21 | 31 | 25 |
Sky & atmosphere
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cloud cover (%) | 60 | 59 | 61 | 60 | 50 | 29 | 28 | 25 | 29 | 45 | 55 | 59 |
| Relative humidity (%) | 75 | 71 | 66 | 61 | 53 | 42 | 40 | 38 | 40 | 52 | 66 | 74 |
| Wind speed (km/h) | 8.3 | 9.5 | 10.4 | 10.3 | 9.0 | 8.6 | 8.3 | 7.8 | 8.0 | 7.9 | 7.5 | 7.4 |
| Jan – Jun | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cloud cover (%) | 60 | 59 | 61 | 60 | 50 | 29 |
| Relative humidity (%) | 75 | 71 | 66 | 61 | 53 | 42 |
| Wind speed (km/h) | 8.3 | 9.5 | 10.4 | 10.3 | 9.0 | 8.6 |
| Jul – Dec | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cloud cover (%) | 28 | 25 | 29 | 45 | 55 | 59 |
| Relative humidity (%) | 40 | 38 | 40 | 52 | 66 | 74 |
| Wind speed (km/h) | 8.3 | 7.8 | 8.0 | 7.9 | 7.5 | 7.4 |
Methodology & sources
Temperature & precipitation — 1991–2020 normals computed from 30 years of daily observations at Uromiyeh, a weather station, about 189 km from the city centre. The underlying daily records come from NOAA's global station network.
Cloud, humidity, wind & sunshine — modelled estimates from NASA POWER, NASA's satellite-and-reanalysis climatology. This is the standard global source for atmospheric variables, which are not measured at most weather stations.