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Baikonur has a cold semi-arid climate.
Dry country, big sun, modest rain — here's what that means in plain terms.
What this climate feels like
The four things a regular visitor actually wants to know:
Highs near 35°C in July. About 74 days a year above 32 °C.
Lows near −12°C in January. About 67 freezing nights a year.
About 116 mm of rain a year. Wettest in January.
More sun than cloud through the year.
What "cold semi-arid" means
Climate scientists sort every place on Earth into about 30 climate types, based on how hot, cold, wet and dry it is across the year. Baikonur's type — cold semi-arid — sits in the broad family of dry climates — deserts and steppes.
Researchers write climate types as a short letter code. Here is what each letter means:
Cities with the same climate as Baikonur
A cold semi-arid climate (BSk) — these recognizable cities share it. If you know one of them, you know roughly what to expect.
Baikonur sits near a climate boundary
This city sits right on the line between cold semi-arid and the next type along. Different climate maps file it on different sides of that line; the lived weather doesn't change at the line — it's a naming boundary, not a wall.
Has Baikonur's climate type changed?
A climate type is a coarse bucket. It can hold steady for years while the weather inside it shifts — or tip into the next bucket.
What this climate means for you
Native prairie grasses, hardy conifers and cold-tolerant fruit (apples, cherries) excel. Lawns need irrigation.
Spring through autumn is comfortable; winters are cold and sometimes blustery. Sun is abundant year-round.
Four real seasons, but dry. Cold winters need heating; summers are warm and pleasant by day with cool nights.
Where these numbers come from
The climate type and the month-by-month figures on this page are computed from Baikonur's measured 30-year climate normals (1991–2020) — the same official records behind Baikonur's main climate page, so the two always agree.
Long-range climate maps measure things slightly differently and can place a city in a neighbouring category. Where they differ, this page uses the measured station record as the climate today.
Methodology & sources
Temperature — modelled for this location from ERA5-Land reanalysis, a ~9 km global grid, because no long-record weather station is close enough to use.
Precipitation — 1991–2020 normals computed from 3 years of daily observations at Kyzylorda, a weather station, about 191 km from the city centre. The underlying daily records come from NOAA's global station network.