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Rotterdam, Netherlands climate
Cfb Oceanic / temperate
Rotterdam has a seasonal cool-temperate climate (Oceanic / temperate, Köppen Cfb). The hottest month is July with an average daily high near 23°C, while the coldest is January averaging around 1°C at night. Around 881 mm of precipitation falls each year, peaking in September (90 mm) and easing off in April (44 mm). At latitude 52°N, day length swings from 7.5 hours in midwinter to 16.5 hours at midsummer.
Temperature & precipitation
Daily high–low temperature range with the monthly average, plus monthly precipitation · 1991–2020 normals · hover a month for the exact figuresClear vs cloudy days
Share of days each month that are clear, partly cloudy or cloudy · 1991–2020 · hover a month for the day countsRotterdam climate normals (1991–2020)
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 6 | 7 | 10 | 14 | 18 | 21 | 23 | 23 | 19 | 15 | 10 | 7 |
| Avg temp (°C) | 4 | 4 | 7 | 10 | 13 | 16 | 18 | 18 | 15 | 11 | 7 | 4 |
| Avg low (°C) | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 11 | 13 | 13 | 11 | 8 | 4 | 2 |
| Precipitation (mm) | 70 | 65 | 56 | 44 | 56 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 90 | 86 | 87 | 86 |
| Jan – Jun | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 6 | 7 | 10 | 14 | 18 | 21 |
| Avg temp (°C) | 4 | 4 | 7 | 10 | 13 | 16 |
| Avg low (°C) | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 11 |
| Precipitation (mm) | 70 | 65 | 56 | 44 | 56 | 70 |
| Jul – Dec | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 23 | 23 | 19 | 15 | 10 | 7 |
| Avg temp (°C) | 18 | 18 | 15 | 11 | 7 | 4 |
| Avg low (°C) | 13 | 13 | 11 | 8 | 4 | 2 |
| Precipitation (mm) | 80 | 90 | 90 | 86 | 87 | 86 |
How often — frequency of weather events
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Days with measurable rain (days) | 17 | 15 | 14 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 18 | 18 |
| Days with high ≥ 32°C (days) | — | — | — | — | — | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.1 | — | — | — |
| Days with low ≤ 0°C (days) | 12 | 11 | 8 | 3 | 0.2 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 5 | 11 |
| Jan – Jun | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Days with measurable rain (days) | 17 | 15 | 14 | 12 | 12 | 13 |
| Days with high ≥ 32°C (days) | — | — | — | — | — | 0.2 |
| Days with low ≤ 0°C (days) | 12 | 11 | 8 | 3 | 0.2 | — |
| Jul – Dec | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Days with measurable rain (days) | 14 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 18 | 18 |
| Days with high ≥ 32°C (days) | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.1 | — | — | — |
| Days with low ≤ 0°C (days) | — | — | — | 1 | 5 | 11 |
Sky & atmosphere
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cloud cover (%) | 71 | 71 | 69 | 66 | 68 | 69 | 66 | 66 | 65 | 69 | 72 | 72 |
| Clear days (≤ 30% cloud) | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| Partly cloudy days (30–70%) | 10 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 10 |
| Cloudy days (≥ 70%) | 19 | 17 | 18 | 16 | 18 | 18 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 18 | 18 | 19 |
| Relative humidity (%) | 91 | 89 | 87 | 82 | 80 | 79 | 78 | 78 | 80 | 84 | 89 | 91 |
| Wind speed (km/h) | 18.7 | 17.6 | 15.9 | 13.6 | 13.5 | 13.2 | 12.8 | 13.1 | 14.3 | 16.5 | 17.0 | 18.0 |
| Jan – Jun | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cloud cover (%) | 71 | 71 | 69 | 66 | 68 | 69 |
| Clear days (≤ 30% cloud) | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 |
| Partly cloudy days (30–70%) | 10 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 9 |
| Cloudy days (≥ 70%) | 19 | 17 | 18 | 16 | 18 | 18 |
| Relative humidity (%) | 91 | 89 | 87 | 82 | 80 | 79 |
| Wind speed (km/h) | 18.7 | 17.6 | 15.9 | 13.6 | 13.5 | 13.2 |
| Jul – Dec | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cloud cover (%) | 66 | 66 | 65 | 69 | 72 | 72 |
| Clear days (≤ 30% cloud) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| Partly cloudy days (30–70%) | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 10 |
| Cloudy days (≥ 70%) | 16 | 16 | 15 | 18 | 18 | 19 |
| Relative humidity (%) | 78 | 78 | 80 | 84 | 89 | 91 |
| Wind speed (km/h) | 12.8 | 13.1 | 14.3 | 16.5 | 17.0 | 18.0 |
Methodology & sources
Temperature & precipitation — 1991–2020 normals computed from 30 years of daily observations at Rotterdam, a weather station, about 5 km from the city centre. The underlying daily records come from NOAA's global station network.
Cloud, humidity, wind & sunshine — modelled estimates from NASA POWER, NASA's satellite-and-reanalysis climatology. This is the standard global source for atmospheric variables, which are not measured at most weather stations.